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civilization noun

  /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ , /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ , [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]
  • An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.
 文明
  • (uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.
  • The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.
  • The state or quality of being civilized.
 文化

civilization properNoun

  /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ , /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ , [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən]
  • (inherently emic, sometimes, capitalized) Collectively, those people and places of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.
 文明

civilized

文明

civility noun

  /sɪˈvɪl.ɪ.ti/
  • Speech or behaviour that is fit for civil interactions; politeness, courtesy. [from 16th c.]
 礼貌

civil adjective

  /ˈsɪv.əl/
  • (uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
  • (legal) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.
 公民的

civilized adjective

  /ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/
  • Marked by refinement in taste and manners.
 有禮貌
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