backward
adjective
/ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/
,
/ˈbækwɚd/
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- Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
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за́дний,
обра́тный
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наза́д,
напра́вленный,
отсталый,
отстающий,
смотрящий
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- (figuratively) Of a culture, country, practice etc., undeveloped or unsophisticated.
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отста́лый
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backward
adverb
/ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/
,
/ˈbækwɚd/
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- In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
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наза́д,
обра́тно
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backwardness
noun
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- The state of being backward.
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отста́лость
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backwardation
noun
/bækwəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
,
/bækwəˈdeɪʃn̩/
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- In full normal backwardation: the situation in a futures market where the price for future delivery of a commodity (the forward price) is lower than the price for immediate delivery (the spot price) or nearer delivery, generally arising from a near-term shortage of the commodity.
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бэквардейшн,
бэквордация,
бэкуордейшн
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