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by preposition

  /baɪ/
  • Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
par, de
  • Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
par, avant
  • Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
par, en, moyen
  • In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
  • (with, the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
  • Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
par
  • Near or next to.
près de, au bord de, côté
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